Charles the II

Charles II of Spain (reigned 1665–1700) was a profoundly tragic figure, characterized by severe physical and mental infirmities resulting from intense Habsburg inbreeding. Known as "El Hechizado" (The Bewitched), he was shy, melancholic, and often depressed, yet observers described him as kind, well-mannered, and surprisingly devoted to his kingly duties despite his limitations. Key Personality and Physical Traits: Physical Frailty: He was plagued by severe deformities, including a pronounced "Habsburg jaw" that made chewing impossible, an enlarged tongue affecting speech, epilepsy, and significant difficulties with walking. Melancholic and Shy: Due to his chronic pain and isolation, he was often described as timid, depressed, and lacking self-confidence. Highly Superstitious and Childlike: Due to his poor health and upbringing, his emotional development was stunted, leading to superstitious beliefs and a reputation for being easily manipulated by those around him, particularly his mother, Maria Anna of Austria. Conscientious Ruler: Despite the popular narrative of total mental incapacity, foreign diplomats noted he was intelligent, affable, and tried to actively participate in government, even presiding over council meetings in his later years